The World Health Organization's 2025 ICOPE handbook places capacity checks at the start of a pathway that continues through assessment, a care plan and monitoring. Grip and gait can flag possible decline, but neither measurement establishes a diagnosis or identifies its cause.
The European Food Safety Authority sets a reference intake of 0.83 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight a day for adults. Athletes, some older people and those with chronic kidney disease need different evidence and, in some cases, clinical guidance.
The World Health Organization's updated care framework asks primary-care teams to assess changes in older adults' physical and mental capacities alongside their medical conditions. Walking speed, chair rises and grip strength can inform that review, but none provides a diagnosis or proves what caused a decline.
A systematic review of 25 randomized trials found that resistance training improved strength and physical performance in older adults with frailty or sarcopenia. The trials varied widely, and their results do not provide a single exercise prescription for every older person.
